The major purpose of this study was to examine the performance of Mathematics at primary leaving examinations in government aided schools in Bubutu Sub-county, Manafwa District. The study was centred on finding out whether: - methods of teaching, pupils’ attitude towards Mathematics and inadequacy of instructional materials lead to poor performance in Mathematics at Primary Leaving Examinations in government aided schools. The study was carried out using descriptive research design utilizing qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The respondents who participated in the study included ten (10) Head teachers, twenty (20) teachers and twenty (20) pupils totaling to fifty (50) respondents. Teachers and pupils were selected using simple random technique whereas head teachers were selected using purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used to collect data included Questionnaires which were used to collect data from teachers and head teachers and Interview guides were used to collect data from pupils. Generally, it was established that poor methods of teaching greatly affect pupils’ performance in Mathematics. Teaching approaches and techniques that teachers, may employ so as to realize the desired learning outcomes of any subject include different ways of structuring teaching to enhance interaction with the whole classes, groups and individuals. These include the prevailing environment, learners’ needs, and the nature of content to be taught. For performance to be improved, the researcher recommended that the government through the Ministry of Education and Sports should provide refresher courses to update teachers on the methods used when teaching Mathematics. This can be done through adequate facilitation in terms of funding for teachers to attend regular workshops intended to enhance emerging strategies aimed at improving Mathematics teaching and learning

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